Instead of multiple peoples, it envisioned a single people.
Versions of this ideology emerged throughout Latin America, and served as a powerful contrast to the racial order of the United States.
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While the US openly grappled with segregation and racial classification, many Latin American countries embraced the notion that mixing itself had dissolved such distinctions.
The promise was seductive. The reality proved to be more complex.
Discrimination and racism against Black people in Mexico are still prevalent but often dismissed.
When South Africa hosted the World Cup in 2010, Mexico's largest broadcaster Televisa featured characters in blackface and afro wigs wearing animal skins and wielding spears.
In 2018, on major broadcaster TV Azteca, reporter Carlos Guerrero appeared in blackface during a broadcast of a Liga MX game.
The networks received criticism but many people brushed the incidents off as jokes.
Black players in Liga MX – Colombian striker Darwin Quintero, who played for América, and Panamanian defender Felipe Baloy, who played for Santos Laguna – have accused rival teams of racist insults.
In 2021, Ecuadorian Félix Torres, a defender for Santos Laguna, left the field in tears after reporting alleged racist insults from Germán Berterame, then a player for Atlético de San Luis.
While the Mexican Football Federation investigated those incidents, officials said they could not be corroborated and no disciplinary action was taken.
Quiñones himself mostly shrugged off the 2024 racist incident in Guadalajara. In an Instagram statement at the time, he spoke out against online harassment of his daughters.