Gasly crossed the finish line believing he had secured third place for Alpine after starting ninth and passing Lando Norris and Isack Hadjar.
However, two five-second penalties dropped him to seventh, prompting his team to request a right of review.
"I don't think there is anything that could hurt me more right now," said Gasly.
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"It's 10 years I'm fucking working my ass off for this type of moment.
We did everything right today [for] standing on that podium in front of all the fans that turned up."
The French driver expressed deep disappointment over the stewards' decision that altered the podium lineup.
"This is the type of moment that for me can't be taken away from us by unfair reasons.
What's going on right now is not right and hopefully they can make the right choice," said Gasly.
Russell dropped from third to 13th place after Mercedes failed to serve his initial five-second penalty during a pit stop, resulting in a subsequent drive-through penalty.
"I'm beyond frustration now. Just struggling to comprehend how this season has panned out," said Russell.
"The team tell me there's nothing I did wrong with the speed in the pit lane, software issue."
The retirement and lack of points marked the second consecutive race where Russell suffered a setback in his championship campaign.
"I'm in a very weird state of mind because I've had very low moments in my career where I've maybe had a run of two bad races or three bad races on my own personal performance.
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I've never had a run of bad luck like this," said Russell.
