"Both the Civil Rights Act and the Citizenship Clause guaranteed citizenship to persons born and domiciled in the United States regardless of their race.
Neither guaranteed citizenship to persons who were not domiciled in the United States," Thomas argued.
He drew a legal distinction between freed slaves and short-term foreign residents, stating that temporary visitors did not share the same domestic obligations.
While losing the birthright case, the Trump administration secured other major legal victories regarding border enforcement from separate 6-3 decisions written by Justice Samuel Alito.
"The three rulings from the Supreme Court this week are all victories for enforcing our nation's immigration laws," said Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin.
Legal experts observed that these rulings signaled strong judicial support for the administration's broader enforcement policies.
"I think that with these last decisions ruling in favor of the Trump administration on his immigration policies, it seems very clear that the court is going to give very wide and broad deference to the Trump administration's mass deportation agenda," said Nicole Hallett, University of Chicago law professor.
However, other legal scholars argued that the administration's loss on birthright citizenship eclipsed its policy victories. "It doesn't stack up against the other immigration cases.
It was not a close case," said Amanda Frost, University of Virginia law professor.
The official ruling explicitly affirmed the citizenship status of children born to temporary or undocumented inhabitants.
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"Children born in the United States to parents unlawfully or temporarily present are 'subject to the jurisdiction' of the United States and are citizens at birth under the Fourteenth Amendment's Citizenship Clause," reads the Supreme Court ruling.
