The regulatory action coincides with an upcoming safety report from an expert panel appointed by European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen.
Several member states, including France, Italy, and Spain, are developing national social media restrictions for children.
Von der Leyen, a mother of seven and former doctor, previously told an AI safety conference: "We must consider a social media delay."
She added: "The question is not whether young people should have access to social media, the question is whether social media should have access to young people."
Announcing the charges, EU tech policy lead Henna Virkkunen said: "The Digital Services Act provides a clear framework to hold platforms accountable for the addictive design and effects of their services.
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We are fully committed to enforcing our legislation in Europe."
