The president expressed further disapproval of Senate Republicans who supported similar restrictions. "They would rather have our Country fail than give me another, of many, victories," he said.
Trump later characterized the four Senate Republicans supporting the measure as "losers" before confronting them at a party luncheon.
Republican Senator Bill Cassidy of Louisiana engaged in a direct debate with the president regarding transparency and timelines.
"This was supposed to last four weeks.
It’s lasted four months," said Cassidy, who had just lost reelection in a primary after Trump endorsed one of his opponents.
"Our original objectives have not been achieved."
Cassidy eventually changed his vote during a subsequent roll call following a private White House briefing, ultimately voting against the resolution on Thursday.
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Recent polling by The Washington Post/Ipsos indicates widespread public disapproval of the administration's military strategy in Iran.