Belgium will face the United States in a World Cup Round of 16 match on Monday night in Seattle.
The Red Devils advanced after a dramatic 3-2 extra-time victory over Senegal.
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Belgium initially struggled in the tournament, drawing 1-1 with Egypt and 0-0 with Iran before beating New Zealand 5-1 to reach the knockout stage.
In the Round of 32 match against Senegal, Belgium trailed 2-0 until manager Rudi Garcia substituted key players Kevin De Bruyne and Jeremy Doku at the hour mark.
Romelu Lukaku scored in the 86th minute, and Youri Tielemans equalized three minutes later to force extra time.
Tielemans converted a penalty in the final minutes of extra time after a controversial foul in stoppage time secured the win.
The victory has intensified questions about Belgium's veteran core, including De Bruyne (35), Lukaku (33), and goalkeeper Thibaut Courtois (34).
Garcia acknowledged the team's achievement but remained cautious.
"This evening, the team wrote a piece of history," Garcia said. "But we haven't won anything yet."
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De Bruyne expressed frustration over expectations, noting that other European nations also had strong generations. Former Belgium goalkeeper Jean-Marie Pfaff said past squads lacked collective cohesion.
"Overall, this generation definitely had what it took to achieve the big goal of winning a title," Pfaff said.
"Unfortunately, this didn't work out because the players rarely played as a real team."
Defender Maxim De Cuyper said the team remains hungry despite narrow escapes.
Lukaku admitted he opted out of taking the decisive penalty due to mental struggles after an injury-plagued season at Napoli.
"I was going to take it, but I'm still going through a difficult time mentally, so I preferred Youri to take it," Lukaku said.
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"It's not about me — it's the team that has to win."