The Office for National Statistics has released birth registration data showing that Muhammad and Olivia were the most popular baby names in England and Wales in 2025.
Olivia secured the top spot for girls for the tenth consecutive year, appearing 2,386 times.
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Muhammad led the boys' list for the third year running, with 5,957 babies given that exact spelling.
Top Names and Trends
For boys, Noah and Leo followed Muhammad in the top three, with Leo overtaking Oliver for third place.
Lily and Amelia took second and third places for girls, with Lily surpassing Amelia in frequency.
The data recorded 585,396 live births in 2025, comprising 284,681 females and 300,715 males.
The top ten names combined accounted for 9.1% of all births that year.
Different spellings of Muhammad also ranked highly, with Mohammed at 20th place (1,712 births) and Mohammad at 55th (895 births).
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The ONS does not combine these spellings in its data.
Demographic factors have influenced these trends, with many top names having non-British origins, such as Freya, Leo, Luca, Isabella, and Noah.
The prominence of Muhammad relates partly to the growth of Britain's Muslim community, which stands at nearly four million people.
David Coleman, a University of Oxford professor specializing in the demography of ethnic minorities, noted that migration waves from the West Indies and Asia increased during the 1950s and 1960s to fill employment opportunities in traditional industries.
The data also highlighted significant movers, with Ada rising 54 places to 45th for girls, and Roman climbing 33 places to 27th for boys.
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Names like Jessica, Ellie, and Amelia saw declines in overall popularity rankings.
